Found a photos of ferns that I took during a visit to Cascadas Tulimán, in Puebla, Mexico, back in 2022.

Here is the biome:

I never got to identifying them, so any any input on potential IDs is welcome!

![](https://lazysoci.al/api/v3/image_proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmander.xyz%2Fpictrs%2Fimage%2Faa0ab4a4-23e0-46fc-859c-

Yesterday as I was walking through the bush collecting seeds, I was suddenly caught by a strange vine that ensnared my leg.

While it may look like your traditional vine, a climbing stem with many leaves attached, its a fern, and the entire "vine" is just one gigantic leaf stretching from the forest floor to the tree canopy.

Mangemange is a fern native to new Zealand. Its from the genus Lygodium.

Its stem (rhizome) grows along underground, almost like a long root. Every few meters a new leaf (frond) spouts from the rhizome.

The leaves emerge from the ground twisting and turning, desperately trying to find something to latch onto. At the same time pinnae form on the leaf stalk (rachis). Pinnae look a bit like normal plant leaves but they are actually just leaf segments. The pinnae provide the energy for the frond to grow even longer.

Once a target tree is found, the frond starts wrapping around it, slowly climbing upwards, making new sets of pinnae every few meters.

Continuing

Here's my current record for most ferns growing on top of each other!

A tree fern called a ponga (Alsophila tricolor) forms the base, growing on this tree ferns trunk is a hen and chicken fern (Asplenium bulbiferum).

Hen and chicken ferns grows little bulbils (baby ferns) on its fronds, when the bulbils are old enouph, they drop off to become a new hen and chicken fern.

These bulbils make up the final layer of ferns of my fern stack, making it a magnificent 3 layers of fern.