Thank you so much, bookmarked all of your links! :-)

Thanks, I think I get the idea, I just don't understand the number-prefix, why did you start this convention?

(Btw.: For some years now I stick to the convention, that everything import is under one sub directory under my home. As long as I have a tarball backup of that sub directory, I am good to lose the whole hard disk w/o fear (e.g. ready for a clean upgrade, distro hop or just go traveling w/o fearing that I forgot to switch off the oven ;-)).

Another follow up question: Is there any documentation for the linux standard/convention of ~/.local/bin? My initial search about this resulted in nothing which I would call authoritative/definitive.

Thank you very much! I was exactly looking for someone telling me that some tools install their own binaries/scripts to ~/.local/bin.

Most probably I'll just symlink my scripts from ~/.local/bin then, this would avoid troubles with 3rd partys and most of my dotfiles are symlinked anyway, so the infrastructure is there.

Thanks! Do you just put the whole .local/bin under source control, do you link your scripts from somewhere else?

lol I take it as a compliment, because my country of origin is not known for its kitchen. :-P

Thank you, sir! :-)

Basically everything sweet with hot seasoning. One of my favorites: Mango with Chili! :-)

• Teaching math is mostly done w/o context and history, IMHO a lot of math makes much more sense when the original problem is understood, before the level of abstraction is being raised.
• Math is a also a language and a notation. Unless one uses math regularly, there is simply not enough practice/repetition to read/speak this notation.
• Math is a tower of abstractions, depending on other abstractions. A lot of topics in math depends on people understanding a lot of basic parts, which means if a student just got by with a prior topic, it is near impossible to catch up/understand what is currently being taught. (Compare to other topics: For example, if a student is bad in their Greek history, they get a fresh start when the topic is industrialization in England w/o any penalty.)
• Math in the primary and secondary schools is mostly computation, 'real math' is only taught to people studying MINT.

tl;dr

• we need a better curriculum in the primary/secondary schools
• we need more exercises in reading/writing the mathematical notation (sorry, just understanding math is not enough, because understanding doesn't make one fluent)
• at least in my school years, math was not repeated enough.
• reading/understanding math is really hard, at the higher levels, understanding 2-3 pages on a textbook per day is an acceptable pace. I guess all the entertainment nowadays makes it not easier to sit still in a room and get math into ones brain

For me the 'breakthrough' with math was, simply to accept that at the higher levels we are speaking about symbols (abstractions) that follow certain rules and everything else is derived by pure logic. Just accepting that one is manipulating symbols with rules to get to other symbols and learning the rules, made it click for me. Disclaimer: Was lucky with great math teachers in university, but even in my university there were people who simply could not accept the game of mathematics and were frustrated, because they wanted easy question/answer style formulas in the sense: When you see this, substitute PI with 3.14 and multiply r by r and write down the number that your calculator shows. They never made any effort to understand where PI comes from, where the radius comes from and why it makes sense.

What is insane, is how many people studied computer science but are totally unable to apply mathematics to the problems they try to solve. Supposedly most of them learned relational algebra and discrete mathematics during their studies (and formal languages/complexity theory)... it is like something is missing in their ability to transfer what they learned in the university to basically the same problems where the symbols have different names. That is something I would love to understand.

Amen.

Debian stable (ok, writing this on Debian Trixie which is not stable yet, but nonetheless works w/o trouble in a virtual machine).

I am using Debian for work and on my servers.

Why Debian? Because for my use cases there are no real alternatives at this moment.

• I need stable support for Aarch64 and AMD64, which already rules out nearly every other distribution
• For desktops I use a highly customized Gnome, which takes some work and my workflow depends on a few plugins, which rules out Fedora
• For work I need some 3rd party software repositories which again rule out fast moving distributions and other non mainstream distributions
• By now I think I run Debian and distributions based on Debian for nearly 3 decades, everything I need works stable and good enough at this moment and I accumulated a lot of knowledge about how things work in Debian
• Some of my hardware needs workarounds (not because it is too new), and again I know my way around Debian and how to patch/fix things for my hardware
• It is nice that I can use Debian for my desktops and my servers on all hardware I own, I would not want to have to learn different Linux systems for desktops and servers or have different versions of software (think Fedora vs. RHEL/CentOS/Alma etc.)

Every 6 month I'll boot Fedoras live cd and play around with the newest Gnome/KDE, but seriously, for at least the last 5 years I never feel like essential improvements are pushed in the newest iterations of Gnome/KDE and I can happily wait the maximum of 2 years until they are released with Debian.

Saying that, I also own a Steam Deck and as an entertainment/media station I totally love what Valve is doing there. I would also be totally happy to run a De-Googled ChromeOS if it would support all the platforms/software etc. I need. For containers I'll also happily use Alpine Linux, if it is possible, but again, I'll mostly default to Debian simply because I know my way around.

In the end, an operating system is just a necessary evil to allow me to do what I want to do with a computer. As long as I have a stable OS which I can tweak to my liking/needs automatically and central package management, I am good. (Unless it is your hobby to play around with your operating system ;-)).

Count me in! The old installer hat a great UX for people knowing what they wanted to do... There must be dozens of us, dozens! ;-)

When was the US the last time a democracy?

You can vote democrats or republicans, which mostly get bankrolled by the same rich assholes. As a normal citizen of the US you have almost no influence at politics at all, because the media is controlled by rich people, the biggest internet platforms are controlled by rich people, elections are paid for by rich people, ...

The current situation is not a spontaneous, miraculous, magical result of Trump and his gang, it was years in the making by lobby groups, influential/rich/powerful people and neo liberal brainwashing of the masses.

Same holds true for most other western so called democracies.

Thank you for the tip, I'll check it out, if the Pi runs unstable again. Just surprised, it sounds that it happened often to you... Since I upgraded to better sd-cards, I never had sd-card trouble again for nearly a decade now. (And I am constantly running multiple Pis 24/7 as servers)

Thanks. I could neither find a file /var/log/kern.log nor did find /var/log | grep -i mess have a match.

dmesg and journalctl -k, found only entries after reboot, that the shutdown was not clean. Any specific logs where I could find more?

Thanks a lot!

Accuracy for the western world and for an academic who comes from the working class. Most people I work with are academics and see things different, because they could always afford a lawyer and/or had and have connections themselves. Their whole life and lived experience tells them another truth.

I feel sad, that I have to disagree with you on the honest signal, I see several problems here:

• Define 'disinformation': There are obvious black-is-white lies, but most propaganda in the west is not 'disinformation', it is simply emphasizing the facts that favor your point of view. If you add another signal, you are just one more signal producing propaganda (although most probably I would be very happy with your propaganda)
• Cryptography ... even IT people have trouble understanding this, and even worse: You cannot solve a social problem with technology
• 'good people' - a handful philosophers in the west alone had a very thorough discourse about 'good' over the last centuries. The discussion is still going on. ;-)
• One of the most important insights is, that it is harder for a group of people to agree than for a few to take power and enforce it. If this wouldn't be a human/social truth, our western societies wouldn't be such a shit show by now.

IMHO one of the roots of the problem is how humans are wired and how bigger societies develop in a sociological way. The best way we have found (so far) is democracy, and AFAIK especially democracy with a mostly even wealth distribution (see the northern countries of Europe). AFAIK it is a social rule, that as soon as a group gets bigger, subgroups will be built. It is a human rule that attractive people will be treated better than non attractive one, you will want to help your friends even when it comes at a cost for someone you don't even know or dislike.

My recipe would be a more even wealth distribution and a way to stop the wealthy force others to do labor for them. Thanks to police and military, I have the strong feeling, the ones with the guns and military will win.

p.s.: I recommend the following books if the topic interests you:

• The Dictator's Handbook: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Always Good Politics
• The Established and the Outsiders: A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems

Thanks a lot for your kind words! :-)

I think it is pretty accurate of the system we have in Germany and perhaps in other western countries.

The problem is, one has to experience for oneself a lot of this things, to really understand them. By the time most people understand enough of the system, they probably have children/other liabilities which force them to play along. (Sadly I am not the exception.)

Life is short and ignorance is bliss.

Perhaps, because by now enough people feel a real impact on their life and fear for the ruling classes is not there anymore?

Just a few examples from direct, personal experience (I am German, so what I enumerate has a German/Euro perspective):

• Constitutional state? Does not matter, as long as powerful/influential people can literally buy laws or prevent even discussion of laws in the parliament
  • Easy way to figure out who is favored by one law, is to check who has to prove something and how hard it is to prove
  • Best part about this is, people in power can always point out to the law and that 'we' agreed upon that law
• Systematic discrimination against the worker class/people not owning things: Thing about laws, taxes, ....
• Every media has an agenda and is propaganda (In the west, propaganda means mostly being selective about the information presented and how to build the narrative. Only idiots in the west will outright lie about things. It also means, who gets to talk in the media, where to position news (headlines ore somewhere else) etc. Media are owned by rich people or the state owned media are controlled by people with strong affinity to political parties
• Corruption on all but the lowest levels, especially in the government (In Germany corruption on the lowest level is uncommon und has a high penalty, but go up the level a little bit and 'you scratch my back and I scratch yours')
• Nepotism on all but the lowest levels (Worked in many different companies and the bigger the company the worse it gets. Working class kid does not get an intern position although it would technically be the best choice? No worries, some kid with the right parents and no clue will have that opportunity.
• No feedback loops: In Germany, we have professional politics which have extremely good conditions for their pension, whose children do not visit public schools and who have private health care decide, what in their opinion is appropriate for most of the people in the country concerning this things...
• No real political influence: We just had the clown-show of voting. Guess what, I can only vote between Nazis and non-Nazis. Can I vote for more taxes for the rich, a sane economic agenda which not benefits the rich, and full military support for the Ukraine? Sorry, I am out of luck. Of course I am free to build my own party. Let's see how successful that is without massive investment of money and good connections to the ruling classes to get positive media coverage.

Before the eastern block fell apart, at least in Europe/Germany, there was always the fear of the ruling class to experience another (French)revolution. Since this fear is gone, they literally have nothing to fear...

Is it possible to change anything about the situation? I am more than cynical by now:

• Most everyone is struggling to keep their level of wealth/position in society, so the middle class fights hard to be a little bit better of then the lower class, don't even mention the upper middle class, which fights with nails and teeth for every little advantage and privilege they have
• The higher you go in hierarchies, the more sycophants you'll discover, which don't mind selling out other humans for status/privileges, and there are even true believers, so brainwashed by neoliberal agenda, that they will fight for the privileges of rich folk they will never belong to
• There is no way to organize enough people in real life to force any political change (especially not with an aging population)
• The ruling class figured out for a long time in western world, that instead of fighting facts/the truth, they just have to generate more bullshit, discussions, alternative narratives and lean back, because people will discuss and not agree
• Nearly all change to the status quo is opposed and fought by some group, which benefits from the status quo
• Neoliberal propaganda and views are so ubiquitous and pervasive in our media, stories, etc., that a lot of people cannot even think about alternatives any more.

That's just for the western world, let's not start about the dictatorships/regimes supported by western governments with money, weapons and knowledge, where things are even more shitty.

Does on mean that /sys/kernel/mm/lr_gen/enabled returns 0x7?